Composite roofing



(No Model.)

S. 'L. FOSTER.

V COMPOSITE ROUPING. N0.- 270,943. Patented Jan.23, 1883.

' UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

SAMUEL L. FOSTER, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

COMPOSITE ROOFING.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 270,943, dated January 23, 1883.

Application filed December 20, 1882. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern Be it known that 'I, SAMUEL L. FOSTER, of the city and countyof Philadelphia, and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements .in Composite Roofs. My invention relates to improvements in the v construction of felt and composite roofs, of

which the following specification, when taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, forms a full, clear, and exact description.

Referring to the drawings, Figure 1 is a top or plan view ofa roof, showing the felt or paper appliedin diagonallines to the eaves and ridge of the roof. Fig. 2 is an enlarged detached section, showing the manner of applying. the felt. Fig. 3 is a sectional view of the roof as completed.

In constructing a roof according to my present invention, roofing .felt or paper of an extra heavy quality is saturated with a composition of fifty per cent. of coal-tar,:fifteen per cent. asphaltum, fifteen per cent. rosin, and twenty per cent. linseed-oil or other suitable oil, all heated together and well incorporated before submitting the felt to the saturating process. This saturated felt is applied to the sheathing-boards A of the roof in two or more courses, B C, and in a line diagonal to the caves and ridge of the roof, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. The felt or paper, when placed in position, overlaps the upperedge of thelayer next below, and is to be tacked at intervals along its upper edge, while a layer or coating of a composition ofcoal-tar, asphaltum, and rosin is placed on the overlapping portion of the felt to cement'and join them together, as shown at Fig. 2. After the first course or layer of felt, B,has been secured, a second layer, 0, of saturated felt is put on over the layer B, and in a transverse direction to said layer. The layer 0 is secured in substantially the same manner as the course B-t'. 0., by tacking the upper edge to the sheathing-boards and cementing the overlapping edges.

It will be observed that by overlapping the layers of felt, as shown in Fig. 2, each layer will constitute a double thickness of the felt, and that the two layers will form four thicknesses of felt over the surface of the roof.

The layers of felt, having been applied to the sheathing-boards of the roof, as described, are secured at the edges and eaves of the roof with metal or wooden stops or strips (metal preferred) and a flushing of sheet metal applied around the fire-walls and chimneys. The stop I prefer to use for the eaves is shown at E, Fig. 3, or I may use the stop shown and described in Patent No. 227,682, of May 18 1880, granted to myself and Wm. H. Benton, reissued July 20, 1880, No. 9,314.

A layer, F, of the composition of coal-tar, asphaltum, and rosinis now applied, into which is embedded alayer, G, of coarsely-granulated fragments of granite, gneiss, or other hard v stone. This layer formsthe upper or wearingsurface.

It will be observed that I do not cement the felt to the roof-boards or sheathing to form a rigid fastening thereto, as is sometimes done in this class of roofs, but instead I simply tack the upper edges of the felt at proper intervals to the roof-boards, and cement the lower edge to the next adjacent layer of felt, which will permit the boards to shrink or swell without doing violence to the roof or tearing the felt, as would be the case ifthe felt were cemented directly to the roof-boards. By thus applying the sheets of felt to aroof in counter-diagonal positions, one layer will have the eflect of tying together and strengthening the strips composing the other layer, and the two layers will present a level surface of a uniform thickness.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, 1s

1. A felt or paper for roofing and other purposes, saturated with a compound of coal-tar,

asphaltum, rosin, and oil, as set forth. 2. A roof composed of two or more layers of saturated felt, applied in counter-diagonal potions to the eaves, said layers being made to sitions to the eaves of the root, the layers of overlap each other, a layer of acomposition of felt in each course being made to overlap each other, and each sheet cemented to the adjacent sheet at the overlapping portions,as set forth.

3. A compound for roofing and other purposes, consisting of coal-tar, asphaltum, and rosin, in about the proportions set forth.

4:. A composite roof consisting of two or more layers of saturated felt or paper applied to the roof-boards in counter-diagonal posicoal-tar, asphaltnm, and rosin, as described, and a layer or finishing course of granulated 15 granite, gneiss, or other hard material, as set forth.

SAMUEL L. FOSTER.

Witnesses ANDW. J. MALoNEY, T. FERNLEY BROOKS. 

